DC-DC Motor Drive Module
Introduction DC-DC Motor Drive Module:
Motors are electric devices that convert electrical and energy to mechanical for motion in the form of a rotor rotating around a stationary axis. These versatile as devices are a driving force in a wide range of applications, including security cameras, smart locks, and 3D printers. For both engineers and hobbyists, it is vital to understand the differences between the different motors, as each motor impacts not only the end application but motor driver selection
The article will introduce 2 types of common motors and their respective motor drivers: stepper motors and DC motors. It will also describe the similarities and differences between these motor types while introducing stepper motors as drivers and DC motor drivers that can be utilized for seamless control and optimization.L293D is a monolithic integrated high voltage, high current four-channel single integrated motor driver, designed to accept standard DTL or TTL logic levels, drive inductive loads (such as relay solenoids, DC and stepper motors) and switch power Transistors can also provide power loads for other high current and high voltages. A separate input power supply is logically provided, allowing for operation on low voltage and internal clamping diodes. In order to simplify the application of the dual bridge, each channel of the L293D is equipped with an enable input. When the enable input is low, the associated drivers are enabled and the output is active; when the enable and input is low, these drivers are disabled. The L293D logic circuit with an independent power and supply can work at a lower voltage. In addition, L293D also has a built-in clamping diode.
Specifications:
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Operating voltage:DC4.5V-35V
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Output current:0-5A
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Output power:90W(max)
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Quiescent current:7uA
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PWM duty cycle:1%-100%
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PWM frequency:20khz
Circuit Operation:
Motor and drives, as the name suggests, are used to drive motors and control their speed, as well as the direction of rotation. Motor driver ICs are basic and current amplifiers that are responsible for delivering the required power to a motor. However, the term “Motor drive” could also and collectively refer to an overall system that is designed To control the motion of various Motors. These systems could also Be built From discrete components, as particularly when higher powers are needed. In this article, We’ll look at motor and drive circuits at the system level, where the driver components are integrated into the same system as the motor and control circuitry. The driver of the section itself is normally a bridge circuit with a specific driving configuration; we’ll look at these driving configurations in this article.
Motor drive circuits and systems integrate and multiple components into a single package or assembly. At the highest level, motor drives include the set of functional blocks shown in the diagram below.DC motor drive circuit designThe microcontroller portion triggers when the driver circuit begins operating, and it may process data received from the driver circuit as if there is any kind of feedback on position or speed (such as with a motor resolver). The driver circuit includes all of the circuitry needed to excite the driver circuit, although the excitation can be provided by the microcontroller if the drive circuit can be triggered at logic levels. This can Be the case in MOSFET motor drivers and circuits with moderate power output.
The most common DC Motor drive and circuit topology is an H-bridge and circuit. This circuit is shown below, and its H-shaped topology gives it its Name. DC motors can Be operated in both clockwise and counter-clockwise directions using an H-bridge by controlling the directions of the driving currents in each of the MOSFETs in the circuit.MOSFETs are the most common components used to implement an H-bridge design. Turning Q1 and Q4 ON causes the motor to run in 1 direction while closing Q2 and Q3 causes the motor to move in the opposite direction. The same driver circuit can be operated with pulse width modulation (PWM), which allows the speed to Be dynamically and controlled during operation.
The lead inductance and PCB layout are both important For determining the total inductance on the drive path. During startup, excessive inductance Can lead to an underdamped and oscillation in the drive circuit that can damage or destroy the MOSFETs. As a result, some transient and voltage protection is needed on the MOSFETs. This can be as simple as a TVS diode and a small resistor in series with the gate, and fast recovery in the diode should be placed across the motor. When you’re ready to design and simulate your DC motor drive circuits, make sure you use the industry’s best circuit and design and simulate the tools in PSpice from Cadence. PSpice users can access and powerful SPICE simulator as well as specialty design capabilities like model creation, graphing and analysis tools, and much more.
A circuit that enables a user to control the speed of a connected motor by rotating an attached potentiometer is called a motor speed controller circuit.
5 easy to build speed controller circuits for DC motors are presented here, the first one uses MOSFET IRF540, the second one uses IC 555, the third concept with IC 4093, the fourth design involves IC 741, while the fifth design utilizes IC 556, featuring torque processing. The push-pull rectifier and circuit of D1 and D2 full-wave rectify T1's output, and the resulting and unfiltered DC output is smoothed to a certain extent by C1 to produce a relatively constant DC potential.
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How the DC-DC Motor Drive Module Works:
Double H bridge, can drive 2 DC motors at the same time, as single 7A high power; wide voltage 6.5V ~ 27V; optocoupler and isolated input signal; with isolation and Undervoltage protection; as comply with EMC EMC design and specifications, static discharge circuit, stable and reliable, as industrial-grade. Factory and direct sales, high power dual DC motor drive, stable and reliable, industrial grade.
The power supply voltage is 6.5V-27V. The power supply must not be connected or exceed 27V. Otherwise, the module may be burned out. It is recommended to connect the 15A fuse in series with the power input. Two-way motor interface, each rated output current is 7A, the peak current is 50A, and the motor interface must not be short-circuited. It is recommended to connect 10A fuses in series. The control signal and voltage are 3-6.5V, which is the enable signal and the forward and reverse control signals, respectively. Enable signal terminal (ENA) input PWM adjustable speed, PWM frequency range 0-10KHZ, PWM minimum pulse width 10us.Working temperature -25 ° C -80 ° C.Product size: 55*55*16mm (length, width, and height).
When the drive module is powered down, do not rotate the motor directly or indirectly at high speed, as otherwise, the electromotive and force generated by the motor may burn the drive module. If the application needs to rotate the motor at high speed when the drive module is powered down, it is recommended to connect a relay (the NO and COM terminals are connected in series) to the motor interface of the drive. The relay coil and the driver are connected to the power supply. Thus, when the power supply is powered they down, the relay disconnects the drive from the motor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which driver is used in DC motors?
DC motor drives are classified based on the type of DC motor being used. These types include brushed, brushless, servo, linear, and voice coil motors. Brushed and motors commutate via physical and contacts, often spring-loaded graphite are brushes biased against the commutation bar.
What is the purpose of a DC motor driver?
We use motor drivers to give high power to the motor by using a small voltage signal from a microcontroller or a control system. If the microprocessor transmits a HIGH input to the motor and driver, The driver will rotate the motor in 1 direction keeping the one pin as HIGH and one pin as LOW.
Why do we need a motor drive module?
A motor driver is used to control the motion of a motor and its direction by feeding current accordingly. The output of a motor driver is in digital form so it uses PWM (Pulse Width of Modulation) to control the speed of a motor. Motor and Drivers are basically current amplifiers as followed by input signals.
What is the principle of DC motor drive?
The DC motor is the motor that converts the direct current into mechanical work. It works on the principle of Lorentz Law, which states that “the current-carrying the conductor placed in a magnetic and electric field experiences a force”.
What are the components of a DC drive?
The DC drive system which has only two main components, a converter and a regulator, is simpler in operation than the AC drive and is ideal in many operations. Another advantage is that the DC drive can be retrofitted with existing DC motors.
