Electronic Project

12v to 5v converter - Electronic Project

Introduction:

Many friends want to convert the 12VDC to 5VDC at 1A. It is the popular rate in most circuit diagrams. I have two choices to choose from. It depends on The suitability of your parts or time. First, 5V 1A transistor Regulator. It is similar to the above circuit diagram. I use a TIP41 power supply transistor. Because it could get 4A max in spec. But in real use, it could give me about 2A max only. Also, its body is TO-220 so easy to use with any size heatsink. Before I like this circuit diagram. If I have all the components in my store.

The high current flow will flow through the power transistor Q1, TIP42. While 7805 gets a lower current. Because R1 reduces this current flow down. So 7805 keeps a fixed regulated of the voltage, 5V only. It works well without the heatsink. While Q1 is working. It is so hot. We need to mount it with enough heatsink. If you have the ready parts. You can use this circuit diagram for a long time. Then, if you want 3A current flow. It is easy just you use the MJ2955 instead of TIP42. Although this circuit diagram can be used well. But it still has disadvantages.When a short circuit, the power supply transistor may be damaged.

We have many ways to do it. But I will show you this circuit diagram. I like a linear circuit diagram rather than a switching-mode circuit. There are many components in the circuit diagram. As above this circuit can power up to 3A current flow with an increasing current of Q3-MJ2955. Also, it has many parts interesting. When the load is overloaded or short-circuit diagram. Then, a voltage is across R2 about 0.6V. So, Q2 gets a bias voltage, or it works. After that VBE of Q3 is low, or Q3 works lower until stops. While Q1 works to connect current flow through LED1. It indicates now overload.

Diagram of 12V to 5V converter step down:

Hardware Required for this Project:

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Working Principle of 12V to 5V Converter Circuit:

We always do not have a 5V battery readily available, or sometimes we need a higher voltage and a lower voltage at the same time to drive different parts of the same circuit diagram. To solve this issue, we use a higher voltage, which is in our case a 12V battery as the main power supply source, and step down this voltage to get a lower voltage, say 5V wherever required. To achieve this, a BUCK CONVERTER circuit diagram is used in many electronic gadgets and applications that drop the voltage to match the load’s requirement.

First, let me tell you about converters. Broadly, there are three types of converters, the first one being the Buck converter which steps down the voltage from a higher source of the voltage. Second, Boost converter, which steps up the voltage from a lower source of the voltage. In addition, there is another converter which is a combination of the two arranged in some form, the more popular one is the Buck-Boost converter which first lowers the voltage or then steps up to the required value. I will try to explain to each of the above-mentioned converters in some detail so that the understanding of the upcoming the circuitry makes more sense.

voltage from the input to its output. Buck converter achieves its output using semiconductor-switching devices, which are generally diodes and transistors arranged in a particular order or each switched during certain times to finally give the required output. Buck converters could be highly efficient, sometimes often as high as 90%. Similar to a Buck converter, a boost converter (also known as a step-up converter) is also a class of switching-mode power supply converters. But the operation of a Boost of the converter is exactly the opposite of that of a Buck converter. The Buck converter steps down the voltage from a higher supply value to the required value, whereas the Boost of the converter, steps up the voltage from a lower value of supply.

The basic Buck converter circuit diagram consists of the switching transistor, together with the flywheel circuit. When the transistor is in the ON state, the current flows through the load via the inductor. The inductor opposes changes in the current flow direction also storing energy in the process. The diode, which is connected parallel to the load, is now not operational as it is in the reverse bias.

The current flowing in the circuit diagram also charges the capacitor. Now, when the transistor is turned OFF, the charged capacitor or the inductor applies a voltage across the load because of the back e.m.f. now that there is no voltage source in the circuit diagram. The energy stored in the inductor is for at least a part of the time the switch is open. If the times for which the switch is kept ON or OFF change, it, in turn, changes the output DC voltage between 0V or Vin.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is a 5V to 12V converter safe?

Yes, DC/DC step-up (boost) converters are safe. You'll need to look at current flow, efficiency, and noise. The converter is a switched converter which usually works at around 100kHz levels, which will generate electric noise. The better the converter, the better this noise is filtered (canceled) out.

Can 5V work with 12V?

Most likely not. But as always it depends on what product you are trying to power supply up with the 5V instead of a 12V source. A fan may work but slowly, a heater will work but at 17% power supply, and a Peltier cooler/heater will work but will not remove as much heat.

Is 12V and 5V the same?

So the 5V system is 2.4 times more efficient than the 12V system, meaning you need to provide 2.4 times as much power supply as a 5V system to achieve the same outcome.

Can I use a 12V adapter instead of 5V?

Using an adapter with an incorrect voltage of the rating poses safety risks. Connecting a 5V device to a 12V adapter can lead to overheating, damage, or potential fire hazards. Conversely, using a 5V adapter for a 12V device may result in insufficient power supply, causing malfunctions or device failure.

How to convert 5V AC to DC?

A rectifier circuit diagram converts AC voltage to DC voltage by allowing current to flow in only one direction. Here's one way to do it: Step down the voltage: Since most devices that use DC voltage operate on much lower voltages than the AC power supply grid, the first step is to step down the voltage using a transformer.

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