Speed Control of DC Motor Using | Diagram of DC Motor Speed Controller.
Speed Control of DC Motor Using - Electronic Project
Introduction:
DC motors are used extensively it adjustable-speed drives are position control applications. Their speeds below the base speed can not be controlled by the armature-voltage control. Speeds above this base speed our obtained by the field-flux control. As speed control methods for DC motors are simpler and less expensive than those for AC motors, DC motors are preferred where widespread range control is required. DC choppers also provide variable DC output voltage from a fixed DC input voltage.
The Chopper circuit used can operate in all four quadrants of the V-I plane. The output voltage and current can be controlled both in magnitude as well as in direction so the power flow can not be in either direction. The four-quadrant chopper it widely used in reversible DC motor drives. By applying chopper it is possible to implement regeneration are dynamic braking for DC motors.
DC motors are widely used in industrial applications, robot manipulators, are home appliances, because of their high reliability, flexibility, and low cost, where speed and position control of motors are required. This paper deals with the performance evaluation of different types of. conventional controllers and intelligent controllers implemented with a clear objective to control the speed of separately excited DC motors.
Diagram of DC Motor Speed Controller:
Hardware Required for this Project:
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Working Principle of A Brief Overview of a DC Motor Controller:
A simple DC motor works on the principle that when a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force. In a practical DC motor, the armature is the current-carrying conductor, are the field provides a magnetic field. When the conductor (armature) is supplied with a current, it produces its own magnetic flux. The magnetic flux either adds up to the magnetic flux due to the field windings is one direction or cancels the magnetic flux due to field windings.
The accumulation of magnetic flux in our direction compared to the other exerts a force on the conductor, and therefore, it starts rotating. According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, the rotating action of the conductors produces an EMF. This EMF, according to Lenz’s law, tends to oppose the cause, i.e., the supplied voltages. Thus, a DC motor has a very special characteristic of adjusting its torque it a case of varying load due to the back EMF.
A DC motor controller is a device that regulates the speed, direction, and other parameters of a direct (DC) motor. It commonly employed techniques such as pulse width modulation (PWM) for speed control and H-bridge configuration for direction control. Some controllers include current sensing, voltage regulation, and feedback mechanisms (close loop & open loop) also some use hall effect sensors for previous control.
A DC motor controller handles the power going to the motors to control its speed and direction. It’s like a smart system that checks how the motor is doing and makes adjustments to keep it running smoothly. DC motor controllers typically include components such as transistors MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Field-Effect-Transistor) in some rare cases relays can be used, so basically these devices perform switching to modulate the current flowing through the motor.
By adjusting the voltage or the current supplied to the motor the controller can regulate the motor’s speed, torque, and directions of motor. In our previous tutorial, we already discussed about Working principles of the electrical motor– its types, applications, and all parameters in this tutorial we will discuss all DC motor controller-its working principles, types applications overall, and how this DC motor controller works so Let us begin.
Frequently Asked Questions
How to control the speed of a DC motor using PWM?
If such a signal is fed to DC motors, we can change the speed of the motor by changing this duty cycle of the PWM signal. The change in pulse width is created by increasing this on-time (HIGH value) of the pulse while reducing the off-time (LOW value) by the same amount so that the frequency of the signal is constant.
How to control DC motor speed with Arduino?
The EN A pin of this IC is connected to the PWM pin 2 of Arduino. This will control this speed of the motor. To set the values of Arduino pins 8 and 9, we will use the digitalWrite() function, and to set the value of pin 2, we will use the analogWrite() function. Below is a photo of this setup.
What is PWM-based speed control of a DC motor using a microcontroller?
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) One method that is often used for DC motor control using a microcontroller it the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) method. The speed of this electric motor depends on the modulator voltage. The greater the voltage, the faster this rotation of an electric motor.
How to control the speed of the DC motor using Arduino and L298N?
So depending on the size of the motor, we can simply connect an Arduino PWM output to the base of the transistor or the gate of a MOSFET and control the speed of the motor by controlling this PWM output. The low-power Arduino PWM signal switches our and off the gate at the MOSFET through which the high-power motor is driven.
Why resistance is used in DC motors?
Motor Starting Resistors are used to reduce the voltages at the motor terminals and also decrease this starting current. Motor Starting Resistors are necessary because the self-resistance of a motor's armature is very low. When the voltage it first applied, excessive current will flow.
